A chemical that produces harmful effects on fetuses is known as what?

A chemical that produces harmful effects on developing fetuses is referred to as teratogenic. Teratogens are substances that can cause birth defects or developmental abnormalities when a pregnant individual is exposed to them. The effects can range from structural malformations to functional abnormalities in the fetus. This term highlights the specific nature of the harmful impact on fetal development, distinguishing it from other categories of toxic effects.

For instance, while carcinogenic substances are known to increase the risk of cancer, and nephrotoxic chemicals specifically harm the kidneys, teratogenic agents have a targeted impact on fetal development. Hemotoxic substances affect blood cells, which may have broader systemic effects but do not specifically relate to fetal growth or development. Thus, the key aspect that defines teratogenicity is the direct impact on embryonic or fetal structures, making this term the most accurate descriptor for chemicals that cause harm during pregnancy.