What does chronic exposure mean in environmental toxicology?

In environmental toxicology, chronic exposure specifically refers to prolonged exposure to low concentrations of a substance over an extended period, typically months or years. This type of exposure can occur when individuals or populations come into contact with contaminants that persist in the environment, such as in drinking water, air, or food sources, and can lead to gradual accumulation of toxins in the body. Chronic exposure is significant because it can result in long-term health effects that may not be immediately apparent, contrasting with acute exposure, which involves short-term encounters with high concentrations that can lead to immediate health risks. Understanding chronic exposure is essential for risk assessment and establishing guidelines for safe levels of exposure to various environmental toxins.