What does the term "vulnerability" indicate in toxicology?

In toxicology, the term "vulnerability" refers to the increased likelihood of experiencing adverse health effects due to exposure to harmful substances. This can be influenced by various factors, including genetic predisposition, pre-existing health conditions, age, and other individual characteristics that may amplify the impact of toxic agents. Understanding vulnerability is crucial for assessing risks associated with exposure to chemicals, as it helps identify populations that may require additional protections or interventions.

Resistance to environmental toxins, while important as a concept, describes the ability of organisms to withstand or negate the effects of exposure, which is not the same as vulnerability. The ability to recover from toxic exposure focuses on post-exposure outcomes, and capacity to adapt to chemical exposure pertains to how organisms may adjust to new environmental conditions over time. These concepts do not define vulnerability but rather explore different aspects of the interaction between organisms and toxic substances.