Why are biomarkers important in the field of toxicology?

Biomarkers are crucial in the field of toxicology because they serve as indicators of both exposure to toxic substances and the biological responses that result from that exposure. This dual role is essential for understanding the impact of chemicals on human health and the environment. By measuring biomarkers, toxicologists can determine not only if an individual has been exposed to a toxic agent but also how that exposure is affecting biological systems, such as cellular processes, metabolic pathways, or overall health outcomes.

For example, if a specific biomarker is elevated in someone exposed to a certain chemical, it can indicate not just the presence of exposure but also the potential for adverse health effects. This information is vital for risk assessment, monitoring environmental health, and developing strategies to mitigate harm from toxic substances.

While predicting future exposure to chemicals is important, biomarkers specifically indicate current exposure and biological effects rather than making predictions about future exposures. They do not eliminate the need for toxicity testing, as toxicity testing remains essential for gaining comprehensive knowledge about the effects of substances. Additionally, biomarkers do not provide detailed chemical composition; instead, they focus on biological responses to chemicals rather than identifying the chemicals themselves.